(1886-1963) French politician. He was prime minister 1947–48, and as foreign minister 1948–53 he proposed in May 1950 a common market for coal and steel (the Schuman Plan), which was established as the European Coal and Steel Community 1952, the basis of the European Community (now the European Union).

(1910-) US composer and teacher. His music is melodic, if sometimes tempered by polytonality, and often emphasizes motoric rhythm or other intense rhythms, as in American Festival Overture 1939. His large-scale conception suits the orchestral medium, for which he has written nine symphonies. He has also written chamber and vocal works.