(French “abbot”) French title of respect used to address any priest.
A member of the French secular clergy in major or minor orders — used as a title.
A French abbot.
ETYM AS. abbod, abbad, Latin abbas, abbatis, Greek abbas, from Syriac abbâ father. Related to Abba, Abbé.
The superior of an abbey of monks; SYN. archimandrite.
(French “abbot”) French title of respect used to address any priest.
A member of the French secular clergy in major or minor orders — used as a title.
A French abbot.
(Ernst Abbe)Eisenach 23.1.1840, +Jena 14.1.1905, dt. Physiker und Sozialreformer. A. war 1870/1896 Prof. in Jena, machte zahlr. opt. Erfindungen und arbeitete seit 1867 mit C. Zeiss zusammen. 1875 wurde A. Teilhaber und 1889 Alleininhaber von dessen opt. Werkstätten. 1891 übergab er sie der von ihm gegründeten Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung, deren soziale Reformen (Gewinnbeteiligung, Altersversorgung u.a.) vorbildl. waren.
(1840-1905) German physicist who, working with Carl Zeiss, greatly improved the design and quality of optical instruments, particularly the compound microscope. This enabled researchers to observe microorganisms and internal cellular structures for the first time.
Abbe was born in Eisenach, Thuringia, and studied physics at Jena and Göttingen, becoming a professor at Jena 1870 and director of the observatory 1878. Zeiss supplied optical instruments to the university and repaired them. Abbe became a partner in Zeiss's firm.
Abbe worked out how to overcome spherical aberration in lenses and why, contrary to expectation, the definition of a microscope decreases with a reduction in the aperture of the objective; he found that the loss in resolving power is a diffraction effect. In 1872 he developed the Abbe substage condenser for illuminating objects under high-power magnification.