Post-Reformation movement opposed to Christian dogma. It was represented in Britain in the 17th and 18th century by deism; in the 19th century by the radical thinker Richard Carlile (1790–1843), a pioneer of the free press, and the Liberal politicians Charles Bradlaugh and Lord Morley (1838–1923); and in the 20th century by the philosopher Bertrand Russell.
The tradition is upheld in the UK by the National Secular Society 1866, the Free Thinker 1881, the Rationalist Press Association 1899, and the British Humanist Association 1963.