(1935-) French novelist. Her studies of love relationships include Bonjour Tristesse/Hello Sadness 1954, Un Certain Sourire/A Certain Smile 1956, and Aimez-vous Brahms?/Do You Like Brahms? 1959. In lucidly dispassionate prose she describes how amoral characters seek to escape solitude in brief liaisons.

(1934-) US physicist and astronomer who has popularized astronomy through writings and broadcasts. His main research has been on planetary atmospheres. His books include Broca’s Brain: Reflections on the Romance of Science 1979 and Cosmos 1980, based on his television series of that name.
Sagan has also done research into the origin of life on Earth, the probable climatic effects of nuclear war, and the possibility of life on other planets.
Sagan was born in New York and studied at Chicago. He became professor of astronomy and space science at Cornell University 1970, and has provided data for several NASA space-probe missions, especially Mariner 9 to Mars.
In the early 1960s Sagan determined the surface temperature of Venus. He then turned his attention to the early planetary atmosphere of the Earth, and, like US chemist Stanley Miller before him, was able to produce amino acids by irradiating a mixture of methane, ammonia, water, and hydrogen sulfide. In addition, his experiment produced glucose, fructose, nucleic acids, and traces of adenosine triphosphate (ATP, used by living cells to store energy).
Other works by Sagan are Cosmic Connection: An Extraterrestrial Perspective 1973 and the science-fiction novel Contact 1985.