Spanish politician; see Primo de Rivera.

(c. 1788-1854) Uruguayan general and politician, president 1830–34, 1839–43. Rivera fought under José Artigas and submitted to Brazilian occupation before rejoining the revolution 1825. When he became president his financial mismanagement and favoritism provoked open dissent.
He led a revolt 1836 against his successor Manuel Oribe (1792–1857), during which he became the focus of the Colorado Party. During his second term in office he declared war on Argentina.

(1886-1957) Mexican painter. He was active in Europe until 1921. An exponent of Social Realism, he received many public commissions for murals exalting the Mexican revolution. A vast cycle on historical themes (National Palace, Mexico City) was begun 1929. In the 1930s he visited the US and with Ben Shahn produced murals for the Rockefeller Center, New York (later overpainted because he included a portrait of Lenin).