(1882-1960) Austrian child psychoanalyst. She pioneered child psychoanalysis and play studies, and was influenced by Sigmund Freud’s theories. She published The Psychoanalysis of Children 1960.
Klein intended to follow a medical career. She gave this up when she married, but after the birth of her three children became interested in psychoanalysis. In 1919 she published her first paper on the psychoanalysis of young children. She moved to London 1926, where the main part of her work was done. In 1934 Klein extended her study to adult patients, and her conclusions, based on her observations of infant and childhood anxiety, were published in her book Envy and Gratitude 1957.

(1928-1962) French painter and leading exponent of the Neo-Dada movement. He painted bold abstracts and devised provocative experimental works, including imprints of nude bodies.

(1938-) French fashion designer, active in the UK from 1965. He opened his own-label shop 1979 and from 1991 designed menswear for the Japanese market.

(Richard) (1942-) US fashion designer. His collections are characterized by the smooth and understated, often in natural fabrics such as mohair, wool, and suede, in subtle colors. He set up his own business 1968, specializing in designing coats and suits, and expanded into sportswear in the mid-1970s. His designer jeans became a status symbol during the same period.

(Christian) (1849-1925) German mathematician and mathematical physicist who unified the various Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries. He demonstrated that every individual geometry could be constructed purely projectively; such projective models are now called Klein models.
Klein was born in Düsseldorf and studied at Bonn, Göttingen, Berlin, and Paris. He was professor at Erlangen 1872–75, at the Technische Hochschule in Munich 1875–80, and then took up a similar post in Leipzig. From 1886 he was at Göttingen, and helped make it Germany's main center for all the exact sciences.
Klein announced 1872 what he called the Erlangen Programm on the unification of geometries. He showed that each of the different geometries devised during the 19th century is associated with a separate “collection”, or “group”, of tranformations. Seen in this way, the geometries could all be treated as members of one family.
In his work on number theory, group theory, and the theory of differential equations, Klein was greatly influenced by German mathematician Bernhard Riemann, and redefined a Riemann surface so that it came to be regarded as an essential part of function theory.
Klein initiated 1895 the writing of an encyclopedia of mathematics. He published books on the historical development of mathematics in the 19th century, and a textbook (with his colleague Arnold Sommerfeld) on the theory of the gyroscope.