(1866-1925) French general. At the outbreak of World War I he returned from Morocco to command a division in the first Battle of the Marne, then recaptured the forts of Douamont and Vaux-Fossoy in the action at Verdun 1916. His part in General Nivelle's offensive in the Champagne sector 1917 was disastrous and was one of the factors which led to the serious mutiny in the French army later in the year. He played a leading role in the counter-offensive to drive the Germans from the Aisne and the Marne 1918, and following the war commanded the French Army of Occupation in Germany.