"commonweal" značenje u engleski leksikon

Množina: commonweals

1. Commonwealth
2. The general welfare

Množina: Commonwealths

The (British) Voluntary association of 51 countries and their dependencies that once formed part of the British Empire and are now independent sovereign states. They are all regarded as “full members of the Commonwealth”. Additionally, there are some 20 territories that are not completely sovereign and remain dependencies of the UK or another of the fully sovereign members, and are regarded as “Commonwealth countries”. Heads of government meet every two years, apart from those of Nauru and Tuvalu; however, Nauru and Tuvalu have the right to participate in all functional activities. The Commonwealth has no charter or constitution, and is founded more on tradition and sentiment than on political or economic factors. /> Queen Elizabeth II was the formal head but not the ruler of 16 member states in 1994; 5 member states had their own monarchs; and 30 were republics. The Commonwealth secretariat, headed from Oct 1989 by Nigerian Emeka Anyaoko (1933– ) as secretary general, is based in London. The secretariat's staff come from a number of member countries, which also pay its operating costs.
On 15 May 1917 Jan Smuts, representing South Africa in the imperial war cabinet of World War I, suggested that “British Commonwealth of Nations” was the right title for the British Empire. The name was recognized in the Statute of Westminster 1931, but after World War II a growing sense of independent nationhood led to the simplification of the title to the Commonwealth.
Body politic founded on law for the common “weal” or good. Political philosophers of the 17th century, such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, used the term to mean an organized political community. In Britain it was specifically applied to the regime (the Commonwealth) of Oliver Cromwell 1649–60.
Unincorporated community in Virginia (USA).

Množina: commonwealths

The official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Kentucky), and associated territories (Puerto Rico).
A state; a body politic consisting of a certain number of men, united, by compact or tacit agreement, under one form of government and system of laws.

Množina: Commonwealth Banking Corporations

In Australia, a bank established in 1911 as the Commonwealth Bank of Australia. It was both Australia’s largest and trading bank as well as its central bank until 1959, when the latter function was taken over by the Reserve Bank of Australia.

Množina: Commonwealth conferences

Any consultation between the prime ministers (or defense, finance, foreign, or other ministers) of the sovereign independent members of the British Commonwealth. These are informal discussion meetings, and the implementation of policies is decided by individual governments.
The most notable conference occurred in 1926, which defined the relationship of the self-governing members.

Množina: Commonwealth Days

British, anniversary of Queen Victoria's birth; Also called: Empire day, May 24.
Public holiday celebrated on the second Monday in March in many parts of the Commonwealth. It was called Empire Day until 1958 and celebrated on 24 May (Queen Victoria’s birthday) until 1966.

Množina: Commonwealth Development Corporations

Organization founded as the Colonial Development Corporation 1948 to aid the development of dependent Commonwealth territories; the change of name and extension of its activities to include those now independent were announced 1962.

Množina: Commonwealth Games

Multisport gathering of competitors from British Commonwealth countries, held every four years. The first meeting (known as the British Empire Games) was in Hamilton, Canada, Aug 1930.

Množina: Commonwealth Immigration Acts

Successive acts to regulate the entry into the UK of British subjects from the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth Immigration Act, passed by the Conservative government 1962, ruled that Commonwealth immigrants entering Britain must have employment or be able to offer required skills. Further restrictions have been added.

Množina: Commonwealth Institutes

Organization that promotes awareness of Commonwealth countries through exhibitions, educational and cultural activities. Situated in London, it was founded 1887 as the Imperial Institute to celebrate Queen Victoria's golden jubilee; it was renamed 1958 and moved to its present site in Kensington in 1962.

Množina: Commonwealth of Australias

Dominion of the Commonwealth of Nations including the continent of Australia and island of Tasmania capital Canberra area 2,967,909 square miles (7,716,563 square kilometers).

Množina: Commonwealth of Independent States

(CIS) Successor body to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, initially formed as a new commonwealth of Slav republics on 8 Dec 1991 by the presidents of the Russian Federation, Belarus, and Ukraine. On 21 Dec, eight of the nine remaining non-Slav republics—Moldova, Tajikistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan —joined the CIS at a meeting held in Kazakhstan's capital, Alma Ata. The CIS formally came into existence Jan 1992 when President Gorbachev resigned and the Soviet government voted itself out of existence. It has no real, formal political institutions and its role is uncertain.
Its headquarters are in Minsk (Mensk), Belarus. Georgia joined 1993.
The main objectives in founding the CIS were to ensure that some measure of cooperation continued in economic, financial, and monetary matters in order to avert a collapse in inter-republican trade and to coordinate price liberalization and market reform; to maintain some degree of coordination in foreign (and especially military) policy, and in such areas as transport and communications; and to ensure recognition of borders and thus prevent inter-republican conflicts. With no formal political institutions, CIS decisions are arrived at through the holding of regular summits of heads of state and through the formation of ministerial committees, with, in theory, all CIS members being equals; however, some members have complained of its domination by Russia.
Initially, the inherited Soviet army was placed under a unified command. However, the majority of the republics subsequently set up their own independent conventional forces, and in June 1993 it was agreed that the unified defense structure should be abolished and replaced by a committee of joint staff responsible for coordinating military cooperation between the individual states. At a Dec 1993 summit Russia secured bilateral agreements with all members excepting Moldova, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan, giving it “the right to oversee military policies”.
CIS members were also meant to keep a single currency, the rouble, but by 1994 the majority of republics had introduced their own currencies.
An alliance made up of states that had been Soviet Socialist Republics in the Soviet Union prior to its dissolution in Dec 1991; Also called: CIS.

Množina: commonwealth of learnings

Množina: Commonwealth of Nations

Political organization consisting of nations loyal to the British monarch; formerly constituted, with several other British-controlled territories, the British Empire.

Množina: commonwealth preferences