1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe (1786-1880) British nobleman and diplomat. He negotiated the treaty of Bucharest between Russia and Turkey 1812 and helped establish a federal government in Switzerland 1815. He was minister to the United States 1820–23 and ambassador in Constantinople 1825–28, 1831, and 1842–58. He was made a viscount 1852.

(1770-1827) British Tory politician, foreign secretary 1807–10 and 1822–27, and prime minister 1827 in coalition with the Whigs. He was largely responsible, during the Napoleonic Wars, for the seizure of the Danish fleet and British intervention in the Spanish peninsula.

1st Earl Canning (1812-1862) British administrator, first viceroy of India from 1858. As governor-general of India from 1856, he suppressed the Indian Mutiny with a fair but firm hand which earned him the nickname “Clemency Canning”. He was the son of George Canning.

Množina: cannings

Food preservation in hermetically sealed containers by the application of heat. Originated by Nicolas Appert in France 1809 with glass containers, it was developed by Peter Durand in England 1810 with cans made of sheet steel thinly coated with tin to delay corrosion. Cans for beer and soft drinks are now generally made of aluminum.
Canneries were established in the US before 1820, but the US canning industry began to grow considerably in the 1870s when the manufacture of cans was mechanized and factory methods of processing were used. The quality and taste of early canned food was frequently dubious but by the end of the 19th century, scientific research made greater understanding possible of the food-preserving process, and standards improved. More than half the aluminum cans used in the US are now recycled.