(c. 1200-1259) English chronicler. He entered St Albans Abbey 1217, and wrote a valuable history of England up to 1259.

In Greek mythology, a prince of Troy whose abduction of Helen, wife of King Menelaus of Sparta, caused the Trojan War. Helen was promised to him by the goddess Aphrodite as a bribe, in his judgment between her beauty and that of two other goddesses, Hera and Athena. Paris killed the Greek hero Achilles by shooting an arrow into his heel, but was himself killed by Philoctetes before the capture of Troy.

1. City in Arkansas (USA); zip code 72855.
2. City in Idaho (USA); zip code 83261.
3. City in Illinois (USA); zip code 61944.
4. City in Kentucky (USA); zip code 40361.
5. City in Missouri (USA); zip code 65275.
6. City in Tennessee (USA); zip code 38242.
7. City in Texas (USA); zip code 75460.
8. The capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce; Also called: City of Light, French capital, capital of France.
Port and capital of France, on the river Seine; département in the Île de France region; area 105 sq km/40.5 sq mi; It is the core of a highly centralized national administration. Products include metal, leather, and luxury goods and chemicals, glass, and tobacco.
features.
The river Seine is spanned by 32 bridges, the oldest of which is the Pont Neuf 1578. Churches include Notre Dame cathedral built 1163–1250; the Invalides, housing the tomb of Napoleon; the Gothic Sainte-Chapelle; and the 19th-century basilica of Sacré-Coeur, 125 m/410 ft high. Notable buildings include the Palais de Justice, the Hôtel de Ville, and the Luxembourg Palace and Gardens. The former palace of the Louvre (with its glass pyramid entrance by I M Pei 1989) is one of the world's major art galleries; the Musée d'Orsay 1986 has Impressionist and other paintings from the period 1848–1914; the Pompidou Center (Beaubourg) 1977 exhibits modern art.
Other landmarks are the Tuileries Gardens, the Place de la Concorde, the Eiffel Tower, and the Champs-Elysées avenue leading to the Arc de Triomphe. To the west is the Bois de Boulogne and, beyond the river, La Défense business park with the Grande Arche 1989 by Danish architect Johan Otto von Sprekelsen; Montmartre is in the N of the city; to the NE is the cemetery of Père Lachaise, and in the northern suburbs the abbey of St Denis containing the royal tombs; the university, founded about 1150, is on the Left Bank. Work began 1990 on the New Bibliotèque Nationale (to open 1997), designed by architect Dominique Perrault. Euro Disney opened 1992.
history.
The Île de la Cité, the largest of the Seine islands and the nucleus of modern Paris, was the capital of the Parisii, a Gaulish people. It was occupied by Julius Caesar 53 BC, and became the Roman Lutetia. In 451 Attila attempted to enter the city but is said to have been halted by the prayer of St Geneviève, who became the city’s patron saint. The Merovingian king Clovis made Paris the capital in about AD 508, and the city became important under the Capetian kings 987–1328. Paris was occupied by the English 1420–36, and was besieged by Henry IV 1590–94.
The Bourbon kings did much to beautify the city. Louis XIV built many magnificent buildings but lost the loyalty of the populace by moving the court to Versailles. The French Revolution began in Paris 1789 with the storming and destruction of the Bastille. Napoleon I, as emperor from 1804, undertook to modernize the city and added new boulevards, bridges, and triumphal arches, as did Napoleon III. Paris was the center of the revolutions of 1789–94, 1830, and 1848. The medieval heart of the city was redesigned by the French administrator Baron Haussmann 1853–70 and the modern layout of boulevards, avenues, and parks established. It was besieged by Prussia 1870–71, and by government troops during the Commune period (local socialist government) March–May 1871.
During World War I it suffered from air raids and bombardment, and in World War II it was occupied by German troops June 1940–Aug 1944. The German commandant, General Cholitz, ignored Hitler's order to defend Paris at all costs to avoid causing large-scale damage to the city. Large-scale architectural projects of note were again undertaken during the presidency of François Mitterrand 1981–95.

International forum dating from the 1950s for the rescheduling of debts granted or guaranteed by official bilateral creditors; it has no fixed membership nor an institutional structure. In the 1980s it was closely involved in seeking solutions to the serious debt crises affecting many developing countries.

Name given to two separate periods in the history of Paris:
The Paris municipal government 1789–94 was established after the storming of the Bastille and remained powerful in the French Revolution until the fall of Robespierre 1794.
The provisional national government 18 March–May 1871 was formed while Paris was besieged by the German troops during the Franco-Prussian War. It consisted of socialists and left-wing republicans, and is often considered the first socialist government in history. Elected after the right-wing National Assembly at Versailles tried to disarm the National Guard, it fell when the Versailles troops captured Paris and massacred 20,000–30,000 people 21–28 May.
Two separate periods in the history of Paris 1789–94 and March–May 1871; see Paris Commune.

A toxic double salt of copper arsenate and copper acetate.
A very poisonous green copper and arsenic compound C4H6As6Cu4O16 used especially formerly as an insecticide and pigment

Nickname for the German Kaiser Wilhelm Geschutz long-range gun, commonly called the “Paris Gun” from its use to bombard Paris March–Aug 1918.
The gun was positioned on railroad mountings in the Forest of Coucy, 125 km/78 mi from the city. A total of 183 shells landed inside the city boundaries and 120 outside during the bombardment, killing 256 people and wounding 620. The worst single incident was on Good Friday, 29 March 1918, when a shell hit the roof of the church of St Sepulchre which collapsed, killing 88 and wounding 68 of the congregation.
Seven 21-cm guns were made, using bored-out 38-cm naval guns fitted with special 40 m-/130 ft-long inserted barrels, although for most of the war there were only two mountings so that there were effectively only two guns each with two spare barrels. As the guns wore out, due to the high pressures and temperature of the powder charge, the barrels were removed and re-bored to 24-cm caliber to be used with a fresh outfit of ammunition. The shells weighed 120 kg/264 lbs and were fired by a 180 kg/400 lb powder charge, giving them a range of up to 131 km/82 mi. The guns were withdrawn in the face of the Allied advances Aug 1918; one spare mounting was captured by US troops near Chateau-Thierry but no gun was ever found by the Allies, during or after the war.

Village in New York (USA); zip code 13131.
In the US, the ecclesiastical unit committed to one minister or priest. In Britain, a subdivision of a county often coinciding with an original territorial subdivision in Christian church administration, served by a parish church.
The origins of the parish lay in early medieval Italian cities, and by the 12th century most of Christian Europe was divided into parishes. The parish has frequently been the center of community life, especially in rural areas.

ETYM Old Eng. parishe, paresche, parosche, Old Fren. paroisse, parosse, paroiche, French paroisse, Latin parochia, corrupted from paroecia, Greek, dwelling beside or near; para beside + oikos a house, dwelling. Related to Vicinity, Parochial.
1. A local church community.
2. The local subdivision of a diocese committed to one pastor.
3. A civil division of the state of Louisiana corresponding to a county in other states.