(Alexandre César Léopold) (1838-1875) French composer of operas. Among his works are Les Pęcheurs de perles/The Pearl Fishers 1863 and La Jolie Fille de Perth/The Fair Maid of Perth 1866. He also wrote the concert overture Patrie and incidental music to Alphonse Daudet’s play L’Arlésienne. His operatic masterpiece Carmen was produced a few months before his death 1875.